Devanagari part 2

• Retroflex consonants

ट  ṭ as in tick and टमाटर ṭamaaṭar (tomatoe) 
ठ ṭh as in lighthouse and ठंड ṭhaṇḍ (cold)
ड ḍ as in doom and डाक्टर ḍaakṭar (doctor)

Here we have a conjunct k+t (क + ट) = क्ट. It always happens when we join consonants, another example is 'नमस्ते namaste' in which s+t (स + त)= स्त.

ढ ḍh as in mudhut and ढाबा ḍhaabaa (roadside café)
ण ṇ as in अंडा aṇḍaa (egg)

• Dental consonants

त t as in ताज महल Taaj Mahalथ th as in थाली thaalee (platter)द d as in दिल्ली Dillee (Delhi)
ध dh as in धूप dhoop (sunshine)न n as in नमस्ते namaste (hello, goodbye)

conjunct st स्त

• Labial consonants

प p as in spin and पैसा paisaa (money) 

ऐ is 'ai' when it is within  a word turns into ै above consonant, e.g. प + ऐ = पै pai, 
क + ऐ= कै kai.
फ ph as in uphill and फूल phool (flower)
ब b as in be and बाज़ार baazaar  (market)
भ bh as in abhor and भारत Bhaarat (India)
म m as in market and मेला melaa (festival, fair)

vowel ए (e) turns into े above consonant when it is written, e.g. 
म+ए = मे (words with me: mera, meri, mere = मेरा, मेरी, मेरे.